cervical Spondylosis
Cervical spondylosis, a condition stemming from age-related wear and tear on the spinal discs in the neck, manifests as the dehydration and shrinking of these discs, alongside the emergence of osteoarthritis indicators such as bone spurs. With a prevalence that increases with age, cervical spondylosis affects over 85% of individuals beyond 60 years old. Remarkably, while common, many sufferers remain asymptomatic. However, for those experiencing symptoms, nonsurgical interventions frequently prove efficacious in managing the condition. Cervical spondylosis underscores the significance of age-related spinal health, with treatments focusing on alleviating discomfort and enhancing overall well-being.
Risk Factors for Cervical Spondylosis
-
Factors that contribute to the risk of cervical spondylosis encompass:
-
Age: Cervical spondylosis is frequently associated with the natural aging process.
-
Occupation: Occupations involving repetitive neck movements, uncomfortable postures, or extensive overhead activities can impose additional strain on the neck.
-
Neck injuries: A history of previous neck injuries appears to elevate the likelihood of developing cervical spondylosis.
-
Genetic factors: Certain families may exhibit a predisposition to experiencing an increased occurrence of these age-related changes.
-
Smoking: There is an association between smoking and heightened susceptibility to neck pain.
-
Causes of Cervical Spondylosis
As individuals age, the components comprising the spine and neck undergo gradual wear and tear, leading to various changes including:
Dehydration of discs: The discs, which serve as cushions between the vertebrae, begin to dry out and shrink around the age of 40. This reduction in disk size increases the likelihood of bone-on-bone contact between the vertebrae.
Herniated discs: Cracks may develop on the outer surface of spinal discs, allowing the soft interior of a disk to protrude through these fissures. In some cases, this protrusion can exert pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots.
Formation of bone spurs: Degeneration of the discs prompts the body to produce excess bone in an attempt to fortify the spine. These bone spurs have the potential to compress the spinal cord and nerve roots.
Stiffening of ligaments: Ligaments, which connect bone to bone, can become less flexible with age, resulting in reduced neck mobility.
These age-related changes underscore the importance of maintaining spinal health and seeking appropriate medical care to mitigate associated discomfort and complications.
Symptoms of Cervical Spondylosis
Cervical spondylosis often presents with no noticeable symptoms for most individuals. However, when symptoms do arise, they commonly manifest as neck pain and stiffness. In certain cases, cervical spondylosis can lead to a narrowing of the spinal canal within the vertebrae, potentially resulting in compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots. This compression may lead to various symptoms, including:
-
Tingling, numbness, and weakness in the arms, hands, legs, or feet
-
Impaired coordination and difficulty with walking
-
Loss of bladder or bowel control
These symptoms highlight the importance of recognizing and addressing cervical spondylosis to prevent potential complications and improve overall quality of life.
Diagnosis of Cervical Spondylosis
When you visit Mukund Spine Clinic for concerns related to cervical spondylosis, Dr. Vivek Badhe will likely conduct a thorough physical examination, which may involve:
-
Assessing the range of motion in your neck
-
Testing reflexes and muscle strength to detect any pressure on spinal nerves or the spinal cord
-
Observing your walking pattern to evaluate if spinal compression is affecting your gait.
In addition to the physical exam, various imaging tests may be recommended to aid in diagnosis and treatment planning:
-
Neck X-ray: X-rays can reveal changes in the spine, such as bone spurs, which are indicative of cervical spondylosis. They can also help rule out other serious causes of neck pain and stiffness, such as tumors, infections, or fractures.
-
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI uses radio waves and a powerful magnetic field to generate detailed images that can pinpoint areas where nerves may be compressed.
-
Computed Tomography (CT) Myelography: This CT scan involves injecting dye into the spinal canal to enhance imaging and provide clearer visualization of the spinal cord, spinal canal, and nerve roots.
Furthermore, nerve function tests may be necessary to assess if nerve signals are functioning properly:
-
Electromyography (EMG): This test measures the electrical activity in nerves as they transmit messages to muscles during contraction and rest.
-
Nerve Conduction Study: Electrodes placed on the skin above the nerve being studied deliver a small shock to measure the strength and speed of nerve signals. These diagnostic procedures helps doctor to gain insight into the extent of nerve involvement and assist in developing an effective treatment plan tailored to individual needs.
Treatment of Cervical Spondylosis
Treating cervical spondylosis depends on its severity, aiming to alleviate pain, maintain normal activities, and prevent permanent damage to the spinal cord and nerves.
Medications play a crucial role, especially if over-the-counter pain relievers prove insufficient. Your healthcare provider may prescribe:
-
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or naproxen sodium to address pain and inflammation.
-
Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, for short-term pain relief, or steroid injections for severe pain.
-
Muscle relaxants like cyclobenzaprine to ease neck muscle spasms.
Anti-seizure medications and certain antidepressants can help dull nerve pain caused by cervical spondylosis.
Therapy is another essential aspect of treatment. Physical therapy can teach exercises to stretch and strengthen neck and shoulder muscles, providing significant relief from pain and stiffness. Some individuals find traction beneficial, as it creates more space within the spine, alleviating pressure on nerve roots.
In cases where conservative methods fail or neurological symptoms worsen, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots. Surgical procedures may involve removing herniated disks, bone spurs, or parts of vertebrae. Fusion of neck segments with bone grafts and hardware might be required for stabilization. Understanding the available treatment options and working closely with specialist can effectively manage cervical spondylosis and improve quality of life.